香港日报

葛洪说的胎息,被后世误解太深

2026-02-04 06:38:30 阅读(3212)

「导读」胎息是一种养生法。最早对胎息进行阐述并提出修炼方法的,是晋代的葛洪。他在《抱朴子释滞》编中云:“胎息能不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中,其道成矣”。历代道家及养生家对胎息十分


胎息是一种养生法。

最早对胎息进行阐述并提出修炼方法的,是晋代的葛洪。他在《抱朴子释滞》编中云:“胎息能不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中,其道成矣”。

历代道家及养生家对胎息十分重视,把修炼胎息称为“大道”、“仙道”,著有《胎息法》、《胎息经》、《胎息铭》、《胎息诀》等大量文献。因而,胎息作为一种实在的养生方法,是毋庸置疑的。



究竟什么是胎息?

历代认识并不一致。很多人认为是一种呼吸方法,如《万密斋书十种养生四要》说:“呼吸绵绵,如儿在胎之时,故曰胎息”。

我们知道,胎儿在胞中是无呼吸的,所需氧气完全通过母体的血液循环取得,虽通过脐带,但并非进行呼吸;呼吸绵绵只描述呼吸的慢细匀长,把它说成胎息是不合适的。

还有人把胎息与内丹混为一谈,如《胎息铭》说:“假名胎息,实曰内丹”,实际上否定了胎息。

胎息一词,比拟胎儿在子宫中的呼吸状态,这种比拟并未反映胎息的实质,但胎息作为一种切实可行的养生方法,已有一千多年的历史,那么它的确切含义到底是什么呢?



按照葛洪对胎息的定义“不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中”,描述的是一种没有口鼻呼吸的吸氧方法;“道成”是达到的一种境界和状态。

苏东坡在《苏沈良方》中记述他的练功感受是“一息自住,不出不入,或觉此息从毛窍中八万四千云蒸雾散”,这其实是对胎息景象的真实写照。

气功实践者也时时有这样的体验:当自发功练了一段时间后,动作越来越慢,越来越轻柔,呼吸绵绵若存;

继而动作完全停止,全身达到至松至静状态时,顿觉全身毛孔张开,体内外气体交融在一起,此时呼吸全无,清凉感通透全身,肌肉、关节均无压力感,

如失重状,肉体和心理上的负担完全解脱,真有飘飘欲仙、超脱凡尘之感,其中乐趣,非语言所能表达。



但好景往往不长,留恋这种景象的念头一生,这种状态也随之消失,持续时间仅有二三分钟。根据葛洪和苏东坡的说法,这就是胎息了。

那么,呼吸绵绵只是胎息出现的前奏,不以口鼻呼吸才是真正的胎息。

一、胎息即体呼吸

胎息虽然能不以口鼻呼吸,但人在胎息状态下,并非不与外界交换气体。由于在胎息状态下,全身毛孔、穴窍张开,内外气体交融,氧气进入体内,二氧化碳排出体外,实现了呼吸功能。这种人与外界交换气体的方法,称为体呼吸。

这里说的体呼吸,是指气体交换而言,非指一般的呼吸也。按修炼的感受,是无呼与吸划分的。人通过皮肤与外界换气,已为科学所证明。正常人在用口鼻呼吸时,也通过皮肤与外界换气,这一途径一旦受阻,人将得病甚至死亡。



而气功锻炼,有可能强化体表的呼吸功能。一旦从体表进入体内的氧气,与细胞呼吸(科学上称为内呼吸)相结合,皮肤、穴窍的呼吸作用便会强化,进而完全不以口鼻呼吸,胎息便开始了。

中医理论认为肺主气,司皮毛的开合;足太阳膀胱经主一身之表,司气化,也司皮毛的开合;认为皮肤毛孔则是人体气化的门户。胎息的实践,实乃中医这一理论的证明。

《庄子》云:“真人之息以踵”,因而又有踵息之称。从体呼吸角度看,脐息、踵息要是可能的话,也是体呼吸的一个特例罢了。

如果我们把不以口鼻呼吸作为胎息的主要特征,那么,脐息和踵息都属于胎息。而胎息的概念,比踵息、脐息更为广泛,也更全面。



二、胎息是一种高级气功态

葛洪用停闭呼吸法并延长闭气时间达到胎息状态,使人们误以为胎息是一种呼吸锻炼方法,故《摄生三要》指出“但知闭气,不知胎息,无益也”,苏东坡“一息自住,不出不入”,指出不以口鼻呼吸决非强制如此,而是功到之时,自然出现的生理状态。

由此可以说,胎息是一种高级气功态。它与各种初级功、内丹术以及别的高级功不同,其主要特征是不以口鼻呼吸。说它是高级气功态,主要理由是:

1.一般能进入初级气功态的练功者,不一定能进入胎息状态,即使偶然经历过胎息,也不一定能再次进入。



2.从保健治病的效果上讲,它比初级气功态更强,古人说它“非只治病,决定延年”是有道理的。它使人有飘飘欲仙超脱凡尘之感觉,因而被历代道家看作是修道成仙的大法,即所谓“久久行之,名列上仙”。

三、如何练胎息

古人说:“法无定法”,练习胎息的方法很多。

葛洪提出的方法是:“初学行气鼻中,引气而闭之,阴一心数至一百二十,乃以口微吐之,吐之及引之皆不欲己耳闻其气出入之声,常令入多出少,以鸿毛著鼻口之上,吐气而鸿毛不动为候也,渐习转增其心数,久久可以至千,至千则老者更少,日还一日耳”,这是闭气习练法。



其实,不仅可以通过延长闭气的方法达到胎息境界,还可以通过数息、随息、存想、返观内照,或者自发动功等方法进入胎息状态。

需要注意的是,功法因人而异,别人的方法可行,对你就不一定合适。

此外,胎息是一种高级气功态,不是所有的锻炼者都能达到的;还有的虽然经历过胎息,但是以后竟不能重复出现。什么原因呢?关健要得其法。

《胎息经》提出,习练胎息要“固守虚无以养神气”必须做到“心念不动”,才能“无来无去,不出不入”。



几种指导练胎息的著作也指出,要“先了心源”、“先修心静之门”、“澄心息虑忘情”、“心境相忘”,如此种种,都表达了一个意思,就是高度入静、心身两忘。

无论通过什么方法练胎息,这个要领是一定要掌握和做到的,否则,只执着某种方法,一味模仿,刻意追求,到头来必定落空,甚或有害无益。



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    "title": "葛洪说的胎息,被后世误解太深",
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    "description": "胎息是一种养生法。最早对胎息进行阐述并提出修炼方法的,是晋代的葛洪。他在《抱朴子释滞》编中云:“胎息能不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中,其道成矣”。历代道家及养生家对胎息十分",
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    "content": "<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t胎息是一种养生法。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t最早对胎息进行阐述并提出修炼方法的,是晋代的葛洪。他在《抱朴子释滞》编中云:“胎息能不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中,其道成矣”。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t历代道家及养生家对胎息十分重视,把修炼胎息称为“大道”、“仙道”,著有《胎息法》、《胎息经》、《胎息铭》、《胎息诀》等大量文献。因而,胎息作为一种实在的养生方法,是毋庸置疑的。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/f6d5d320e659447ea2c7da2fc0aaed95.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"925\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/6a0f462ca6674f168c9184bdae208326.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"950\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t究竟什么是胎息?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t历代认识并不一致。很多人认为是一种呼吸方法,如《万密斋书十种养生四要》说:“呼吸绵绵,如儿在胎之时,故曰胎息”。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t我们知道,胎儿在胞中是无呼吸的,所需氧气完全通过母体的血液循环取得,虽通过脐带,但并非进行呼吸;呼吸绵绵只描述呼吸的慢细匀长,把它说成胎息是不合适的。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t还有人把胎息与内丹混为一谈,如《胎息铭》说:“假名胎息,实曰内丹”,实际上否定了胎息。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t胎息一词,比拟胎儿在子宫中的呼吸状态,这种比拟并未反映胎息的实质,但胎息作为一种切实可行的养生方法,已有一千多年的历史,那么它的确切含义到底是什么呢?\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/ceb0b0c85c0d4742a3ce6fbfb9d653fd.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"271\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/c19de1a5e97d4ab4bdb4164a262c99d6.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"1168\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t按照葛洪对胎息的定义“不以口鼻嘘吸,如在胞胎中”,描述的是一种没有口鼻呼吸的吸氧方法;“道成”是达到的一种境界和状态。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t苏东坡在《苏沈良方》中记述他的练功感受是“一息自住,不出不入,或觉此息从毛窍中八万四千云蒸雾散”,这其实是对胎息景象的真实写照。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t气功实践者也时时有这样的体验:当自发功练了一段时间后,动作越来越慢,越来越轻柔,呼吸绵绵若存;\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t继而动作完全停止,全身达到至松至静状态时,顿觉全身毛孔张开,体内外气体交融在一起,此时呼吸全无,清凉感通透全身,肌肉、关节均无压力感,\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t如失重状,肉体和心理上的负担完全解脱,真有飘飘欲仙、超脱凡尘之感,其中乐趣,非语言所能表达。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/2e3b709aa7f0439cbda327c6572d991f.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"943\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/01724045533c40b1ac9a8d71a019f6a1.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"938\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t但好景往往不长,留恋这种景象的念头一生,这种状态也随之消失,持续时间仅有二三分钟。根据葛洪和苏东坡的说法,这就是胎息了。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t那么,呼吸绵绵只是胎息出现的前奏,不以口鼻呼吸才是真正的胎息。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t一、胎息即体呼吸\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t胎息虽然能不以口鼻呼吸,但人在胎息状态下,并非不与外界交换气体。由于在胎息状态下,全身毛孔、穴窍张开,内外气体交融,氧气进入体内,二氧化碳排出体外,实现了呼吸功能。这种人与外界交换气体的方法,称为体呼吸。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t这里说的体呼吸,是指气体交换而言,非指一般的呼吸也。按修炼的感受,是无呼与吸划分的。人通过皮肤与外界换气,已为科学所证明。正常人在用口鼻呼吸时,也通过皮肤与外界换气,这一途径一旦受阻,人将得病甚至死亡。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/01f06341dbab434498291b4a92934793.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/8e333ccf919f46aeb5c5d2ae85fe7471.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t而气功锻炼,有可能强化体表的呼吸功能。一旦从体表进入体内的氧气,与细胞呼吸(科学上称为内呼吸)相结合,皮肤、穴窍的呼吸作用便会强化,进而完全不以口鼻呼吸,胎息便开始了。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t中医理论认为肺主气,司皮毛的开合;足太阳膀胱经主一身之表,司气化,也司皮毛的开合;认为皮肤毛孔则是人体气化的门户。胎息的实践,实乃中医这一理论的证明。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t《庄子》云:“真人之息以踵”,因而又有踵息之称。从体呼吸角度看,脐息、踵息要是可能的话,也是体呼吸的一个特例罢了。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t如果我们把不以口鼻呼吸作为胎息的主要特征,那么,脐息和踵息都属于胎息。而胎息的概念,比踵息、脐息更为广泛,也更全面。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/51463db68f65497ba5bcc4a21ee47f5a.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/a8faebec30774647b2ae4e7054a70e08.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t二、胎息是一种高级气功态\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t葛洪用停闭呼吸法并延长闭气时间达到胎息状态,使人们误以为胎息是一种呼吸锻炼方法,故《摄生三要》指出“但知闭气,不知胎息,无益也”,苏东坡“一息自住,不出不入”,指出不以口鼻呼吸决非强制如此,而是功到之时,自然出现的生理状态。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t由此可以说,胎息是一种高级气功态。它与各种初级功、内丹术以及别的高级功不同,其主要特征是不以口鼻呼吸。说它是高级气功态,主要理由是:\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t1.一般能进入初级气功态的练功者,不一定能进入胎息状态,即使偶然经历过胎息,也不一定能再次进入。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/3746aafc9630446f9fdb9446ef2e6297.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/98132d92948e47a8ba3e59cdf07ec4c9.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t2.从保健治病的效果上讲,它比初级气功态更强,古人说它“非只治病,决定延年”是有道理的。它使人有飘飘欲仙超脱凡尘之感觉,因而被历代道家看作是修道成仙的大法,即所谓“久久行之,名列上仙”。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t三、如何练胎息\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t古人说:“法无定法”,练习胎息的方法很多。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t葛洪提出的方法是:“初学行气鼻中,引气而闭之,阴一心数至一百二十,乃以口微吐之,吐之及引之皆不欲己耳闻其气出入之声,常令入多出少,以鸿毛著鼻口之上,吐气而鸿毛不动为候也,渐习转增其心数,久久可以至千,至千则老者更少,日还一日耳”,这是闭气习练法。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/e000c75b570044ce84f284cc1048aa9a.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/5d137c5cfe7649ff8541bbb2823c9740.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t其实,不仅可以通过延长闭气的方法达到胎息境界,还可以通过数息、随息、存想、返观内照,或者自发动功等方法进入胎息状态。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t需要注意的是,功法因人而异,别人的方法可行,对你就不一定合适。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t此外,胎息是一种高级气功态,不是所有的锻炼者都能达到的;还有的虽然经历过胎息,但是以后竟不能重复出现。什么原因呢?关健要得其法。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t《胎息经》提出,习练胎息要“固守虚无以养神气”必须做到“心念不动”,才能“无来无去,不出不入”。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/4802d37f002d49de882584aa5da253fb.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://ss2.meipian.me/users/4368309/455e6d5003bd45248614baaeb62ee0c4.jpg-mobile\" width=\"670\" height=\"766\" />\r\n</center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t几种指导练胎息的著作也指出,要“先了心源”、“先修心静之门”、“澄心息虑忘情”、“心境相忘”,如此种种,都表达了一个意思,就是高度入静、心身两忘。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t无论通过什么方法练胎息,这个要领是一定要掌握和做到的,否则,只执着某种方法,一味模仿,刻意追求,到头来必定落空,甚或有害无益。\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<img alt=\"\" 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