香港日报

陈洪:寻找金庸小说的传统文化风骨

2026-02-04 06:41:41 阅读(8527)

「导读」10月30日,武侠小说泰斗金庸先生在香港去世。而就在半个月前,第三届会稽山论坛暨第十届文化中国讲坛上,金庸老友,南开大学教授、横山书院院长陈洪,举行了专题讲座《挑灯看剑说义

10月30日,武侠小说泰斗金庸先生在香港去世。而就在半个月前,第三届会稽山论坛暨第十届文化中国讲坛上,金庸老友,南开大学教授、横山书院院长陈洪,举行了专题讲座《挑灯看剑说义侠》,生动剖析金庸武侠小说世界所蕴含的传统文化风骨。

“我评价金庸小说,就是500年后《水浒传》。”接受记者专访时,陈洪先提起了一桩往事。那年他去沈阳参加国际小说研讨会,一位老前辈在大会发言中说,现在小说界乌烟瘴气,“连武侠这种东西都沉渣泛起了”。后来陈洪问那位前辈是否读过金庸的小说,对方回应“我怎么会去读那种东西”。“我说您没读过,没有发言权。他说你读过吗?我说我全都读过。当时我说,金庸写得最好的几部,就是500年后《水浒传》,那位老先生很惊讶”。

“今天看金庸的小说,如同当年的《水浒传》,基本看来还是通俗的作品,但是逐渐,时间会把它经典化。” 陈洪认为,通俗文学经过经典化之后,尤其是像金庸作品这样的登峰造极之作,是文学史和文化史上绕不过去的现场。“随着经典化,更加显示出价值。现在写文学史,不可避免要写到金庸了”。

陈洪认为,金庸小说的高度、可读性和内涵,在于其深厚的文化底蕴、广泛圆融的知识涵盖、厚重的历史感、对传统血脉的继承,“金庸的作品是把民族文化中的优良传统融入小说的成功范例”。

“优良的传统在金庸小说里有相当充分的体现,贯穿于金庸所有的作品。金庸在努力彰显仁者的胸次——他作品中的主要正面人物无一例外。仁者爱人,表现为一种对世界的热爱,对人类的热爱,一种充满了同情心的胸怀。”

陈洪举例,如《射雕英雄传》的结尾,“一下子把全书的境界又拓展了”。“《射雕英雄转》结于何处啊?郭靖守襄阳和蒙古大军激烈对抗。在这之后,他听说成吉思汗染了重病,前去探病——这也看出郭靖这个人的性格,因为成吉思汗此前一直要杀他,而且逼死了他母亲,但成吉思汗对他又有很多恩义,所以他去看望成吉思汗;成吉思汗看到他来了也很高兴,因为内心很欣赏他”。

在《射雕英雄传》结尾的情节中,郭靖对成吉思汗说:“自来英雄而为当世钦仰、后人追慕,必是为民造福、爱护百姓之人。以我之见,杀得人多却未必算是英雄。” 成吉思汗虽勃然大怒,但说“我左右之人,没一个如你这般大胆,敢跟我说几句真心话”。当夜在大帐中去世。

“这是非常有味道的一笔:到底谁是英雄?是成吉思汗,还是像郭靖这样的人?金庸通过郭靖表现出了一个仁者的胸次,对于仁、对于人类的这种关爱。”

陈洪提到,“庄禅”与“孔孟”是金庸塑造“武侠英雄”之理想人格的两个重要思想资源。“不必说令狐冲、段誉、杨过、黄药师、风清扬这样的形象,就是郭靖、袁承志、张无忌、胡斐等人物,他们身上所表现出的品性就绝不仅是‘摩顶放踵’所能包括的。实际上,这些人物形象的魅力,很大程度上是因为其丰富的内涵超越了传统的‘武’与‘侠’”。

“庄与禅,都看重自然本性,真率放任,而反对繁冗的礼法拘束;二者都蔑弃世俗价值,追求精神的自由与洒脱。”陈洪认为,金庸笔下的人物,程度不同地体现出“庄禅意识”,带有“出世”倾向。

“庄禅意识”是如何体现的?陈洪总结,在价值追求上,这些人物不仅蔑视俗世的富贵,而且对江湖的荣誉、权力也没有兴趣;在行为方式上,大多不拘小节,不顾毁誉,率性而为;在情感状态上,往往看似游戏人生,实则内心肝肠如火,一往情深。

“孔孟”的思想因子,也深深埋藏在金庸塑造的一个个灵魂中。陈洪指出,“见义不为,无勇也。”金庸小说中处处体现“义”字,例如《倚天屠龙记》中少年张无忌受纪晓芙之托,万里迢迢护送孤女杨不悔到昆仑山;《射雕英雄传》的江南七侠为一句诺言深入大漠10余年,照顾、教育孤儿郭靖;《碧血剑》中袁崇焕旧部以及崔秋山、穆人清等对孤儿袁承志的保护、教育,等等。

而孟子的“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫”,成为金庸笔下很多男性角色的标准,如《倚天屠龙记》中的张无忌,一个初出茅庐的后生小子,挫败了心狠手辣、武功超卓的灭绝师太,一是靠道义上的凛然正气,二是靠胸中养就的“一股真气”。

除了有仁有义,陈洪觉得金庸作品还会讲到智者的境界,富有不同层面的“智慧”。比如《射雕英雄传》里写烹饪,并且融合到人物刻划和故事发展里,黄蓉精灵古怪,烹饪技术很好;前辈的侠客洪七公武功极高,“哪儿都好,就是有一条不太好——贪吃,于是,他们中间就产生了很有趣的情节”;《笑傲江湖》里,金庸讲酒和酒具的学问,也极为生动有趣。

而提及武侠小说中必不可少的“武”,陈洪认为金庸的可贵之处在于,“他的武不是那种刀光剑影,写得很血腥,他大多数情况下是‘武戏文写’,一招一式往往有很多文化因素在里面,而且表现出一种智慧”。

伟大,是陈洪给金庸作品的评价。“因为金庸,是把传统文化中的优良的因子在现代文化的背景下,激活再生。以他的文学的生花妙笔,活生生的形象、抓人的情节,激活再生的成功典范”。(沈杰群)


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    "content": "<p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t10月30日,武侠小说泰斗金庸先生在香港去世。而就在半个月前,第三届会稽山论坛暨第十届文化中国讲坛上,金庸老友,南开大学教授、横山书院院长陈洪,举行了专题讲座《挑灯看剑说义侠》,生动剖析金庸武侠小说世界所蕴含的传统文化风骨。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“我评价金庸小说,就是500年后《水浒传》。”接受记者专访时,陈洪先提起了一桩往事。那年他去沈阳参加国际小说研讨会,一位老前辈在大会发言中说,现在小说界乌烟瘴气,“连武侠这种东西都沉渣泛起了”。后来陈洪问那位前辈是否读过金庸的小说,对方回应“我怎么会去读那种东西”。“我说您没读过,没有发言权。他说你读过吗?我说我全都读过。当时我说,金庸写得最好的几部,就是500年后《水浒传》,那位老先生很惊讶”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“今天看金庸的小说,如同当年的《水浒传》,基本看来还是通俗的作品,但是逐渐,时间会把它经典化。” \r\n陈洪认为,通俗文学经过经典化之后,尤其是像金庸作品这样的登峰造极之作,是文学史和文化史上绕不过去的现场。“随着经典化,更加显示出价值。现在写文学史,不可避免要写到金庸了”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t陈洪认为,金庸小说的高度、可读性和内涵,在于其深厚的文化底蕴、广泛圆融的知识涵盖、厚重的历史感、对传统血脉的继承,“金庸的作品是把民族文化中的优良传统融入小说的成功范例”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“优良的传统在金庸小说里有相当充分的体现,贯穿于金庸所有的作品。金庸在努力彰显仁者的胸次——他作品中的主要正面人物无一例外。仁者爱人,表现为一种对世界的热爱,对人类的热爱,一种充满了同情心的胸怀。”\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t陈洪举例,如《射雕英雄传》的结尾,“一下子把全书的境界又拓展了”。“《射雕英雄转》结于何处啊?郭靖守襄阳和蒙古大军激烈对抗。在这之后,他听说成吉思汗染了重病,前去探病——这也看出郭靖这个人的性格,因为成吉思汗此前一直要杀他,而且逼死了他母亲,但成吉思汗对他又有很多恩义,所以他去看望成吉思汗;成吉思汗看到他来了也很高兴,因为内心很欣赏他”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t在《射雕英雄传》结尾的情节中,郭靖对成吉思汗说:“自来英雄而为当世钦仰、后人追慕,必是为民造福、爱护百姓之人。以我之见,杀得人多却未必算是英雄。” \r\n成吉思汗虽勃然大怒,但说“我左右之人,没一个如你这般大胆,敢跟我说几句真心话”。当夜在大帐中去世。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“这是非常有味道的一笔:到底谁是英雄?是成吉思汗,还是像郭靖这样的人?金庸通过郭靖表现出了一个仁者的胸次,对于仁、对于人类的这种关爱。”\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t陈洪提到,“庄禅”与“孔孟”是金庸塑造“武侠英雄”之理想人格的两个重要思想资源。“不必说令狐冲、段誉、杨过、黄药师、风清扬这样的形象,就是郭靖、袁承志、张无忌、胡斐等人物,他们身上所表现出的品性就绝不仅是‘摩顶放踵’所能包括的。实际上,这些人物形象的魅力,很大程度上是因为其丰富的内涵超越了传统的‘武’与‘侠’”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“庄与禅,都看重自然本性,真率放任,而反对繁冗的礼法拘束;二者都蔑弃世俗价值,追求精神的自由与洒脱。”陈洪认为,金庸笔下的人物,程度不同地体现出“庄禅意识”,带有“出世”倾向。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“庄禅意识”是如何体现的?陈洪总结,在价值追求上,这些人物不仅蔑视俗世的富贵,而且对江湖的荣誉、权力也没有兴趣;在行为方式上,大多不拘小节,不顾毁誉,率性而为;在情感状态上,往往看似游戏人生,实则内心肝肠如火,一往情深。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t“孔孟”的思想因子,也深深埋藏在金庸塑造的一个个灵魂中。陈洪指出,“见义不为,无勇也。”金庸小说中处处体现“义”字,例如《倚天屠龙记》中少年张无忌受纪晓芙之托,万里迢迢护送孤女杨不悔到昆仑山;《射雕英雄传》的江南七侠为一句诺言深入大漠10余年,照顾、教育孤儿郭靖;《碧血剑》中袁崇焕旧部以及崔秋山、穆人清等对孤儿袁承志的保护、教育,等等。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t而孟子的“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫”,成为金庸笔下很多男性角色的标准,如《倚天屠龙记》中的张无忌,一个初出茅庐的后生小子,挫败了心狠手辣、武功超卓的灭绝师太,一是靠道义上的凛然正气,二是靠胸中养就的“一股真气”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t除了有仁有义,陈洪觉得金庸作品还会讲到智者的境界,富有不同层面的“智慧”。比如《射雕英雄传》里写烹饪,并且融合到人物刻划和故事发展里,黄蓉精灵古怪,烹饪技术很好;前辈的侠客洪七公武功极高,“哪儿都好,就是有一条不太好——贪吃,于是,他们中间就产生了很有趣的情节”;《笑傲江湖》里,金庸讲酒和酒具的学问,也极为生动有趣。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t而提及武侠小说中必不可少的“武”,陈洪认为金庸的可贵之处在于,“他的武不是那种刀光剑影,写得很血腥,他大多数情况下是‘武戏文写’,一招一式往往有很多文化因素在里面,而且表现出一种智慧”。\r\n\t</p>\r\n\t<p>\r\n\t\t伟大,是陈洪给金庸作品的评价。“因为金庸,是把传统文化中的优良的因子在现代文化的背景下,激活再生。以他的文学的生花妙笔,活生生的形象、抓人的情节,激活再生的成功典范”。(沈杰群)\r\n\t</p>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br />\r\n</p>",
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